Friday, July 25, 2008
Tuesday, July 15, 2008
PXE Boot the VMware ESX installer
If you are like me, then you want to use network booting for everything, especially installs. PXE booting the VMware installer with pxelinux is much easier than I thought it would be. First, copy the entire contents of the installer CD to your tftp directory. I copied mine to /tftpboot/esx/3.5.
Now, open your pxelinux.cfg/default. Add this entry, changing the path to each of the components to coincide with where you placed the files within your tftp directory.
label esx
kernel esx/3.5/mboot.c32
append esx/3.5/vmkernel.gz --- esx/3.5/binmod.tgz --- esx/3.5/ienviron.tgz --- esx/3.5/cim.tgz --- esx/3.5/oem.tgz --- esx/3.5/license.tgz --- esx/3.5/install.tgz
That's all you have to do.
Now, open your pxelinux.cfg/default. Add this entry, changing the path to each of the components to coincide with where you placed the files within your tftp directory.
label esx
kernel esx/3.5/mboot.c32
append esx/3.5/vmkernel.gz --- esx/3.5/binmod.tgz --- esx/3.5/ienviron.tgz --- esx/3.5/cim.tgz --- esx/3.5/oem.tgz --- esx/3.5/license.tgz --- esx/3.5/install.tgz
That's all you have to do.
Sunday, July 13, 2008
Solaris: Improvements that could be made
I've been studying Solaris 10 and 11 recently because I'm aiming to acquire a SCSA. It is not surprising that the most popular flavor of commercial Unix is losing ground.
Getting Solaris
One should not have to register/login to download Solaris or packages for Solaris. Get with the times, Sun. Solaris is supposed to be open source. That's means everyone should get easy access, no questions/logins. I'm talking about anonymous ftp, rsync, and bittorrent. What is more important? Solaris's statistics or relevance.
Package Management
It's not completely horrible. It does figure out dependencies. It's essentially just the equivalent of rpm or dpkg though. There is nothing like yum or apt-get on Solaris 10 or 11. This is a problem. Installing and updating software is a chore, especially installing Solaris Companion software, like vim on Solaris 10. The solution to this is easy. Sun needs to integrate the IPS system from OpenSolaris into their commercial versions.
The Shell
Why are Solaris administrators still using plain Bourne shell by default? Sun, be nice to your sysadmins and give them tab completion and command history by default. Bash is plenty mature to be the default shell. I cannot see any serious admin using Bourne, if they don't absolutely have to. Sun should see this too.
Getting Solaris
One should not have to register/login to download Solaris or packages for Solaris. Get with the times, Sun. Solaris is supposed to be open source. That's means everyone should get easy access, no questions/logins. I'm talking about anonymous ftp, rsync, and bittorrent. What is more important? Solaris's statistics or relevance.
Package Management
It's not completely horrible. It does figure out dependencies. It's essentially just the equivalent of rpm or dpkg though. There is nothing like yum or apt-get on Solaris 10 or 11. This is a problem. Installing and updating software is a chore, especially installing Solaris Companion software, like vim on Solaris 10. The solution to this is easy. Sun needs to integrate the IPS system from OpenSolaris into their commercial versions.
The Shell
Why are Solaris administrators still using plain Bourne shell by default? Sun, be nice to your sysadmins and give them tab completion and command history by default. Bash is plenty mature to be the default shell. I cannot see any serious admin using Bourne, if they don't absolutely have to. Sun should see this too.
Caching Kerberos credentials for offline logins
Having kerberos is a nice way to centralize your user passwords, but what if you have laptops that you would like to log onto away from your network? You have to setup credential caching. This is achieved through PAM and the pam_ccreds module. On a Fedora, or a Red Hat derivative, system, you only need to edit one file, /etc/pam.d/system-auth-ac. This file exists on any PAM aware system. Here is mine in its entirety.
auth required pam_env.so
auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass
auth requisite pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 500 quiet
auth [default=ignore success=1 service_err=reset] pam_krb5.so use_first_pass
auth [default=die success=done] pam_ccreds.so action=validate use_first_pass
auth sufficient pam_ccreds.so action=store use_first_pass
auth required pam_deny.so
account required pam_unix.so broken_shadow
account sufficient pam_localuser.so
account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so uid < 500 quiet
account [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_krb5.so
account required pam_permit.so
password requisite pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3
password sufficient pam_unix.so sha512 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok
password sufficient pam_krb5.so use_authtok
password required pam_deny.so
session optional pam_keyinit.so revoke
session required pam_limits.so
session [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid
session required pam_unix.so
session optional pam_krb5.so
I've highlighted the lines that do the work. It took me a while to make this. I've read tons of tutorials, as you probably have, to get this to work. In the end, I ended up mastering PAM configuration since none of the tutorial worked properly. I'm going to explain each line so that you will understand what is happening.
auth [default=ignore success=1 service_err=reset] pam_krb5.so use_first_pass
This line is the most complicated. The default=ignore tells PAM, if this module fails, like cannot reach kerberos server or password does not match, go on to the next step. The success=1 tells PAM if the module succeeds, a correct password verified by the kerberos server, skip one step. The service_err=reset, tells PAM to try again if the server reachable but down for some reason. The pam_krb5.so is the name of the module. Finally, the use_first_pass tells PAM to use the password that was first given to PAM during this run through and do not ask for a new one.
auth [default=die success=done] pam_ccreds.so action=validate use_first_pass
If kerberos was unavailable, PAM will run this line. The default=die means, if this module fails, everything fails and don't give the user access. The success=done means the auth portion of PAM is complete if this succeeds. pam_ccreds.so is the module name. The module, pam_ccreds, takes arguments and the action=validate has pam_ccreds check to see if the given password matches what is cached in /var/cache/.security.db.
auth sufficient pam_ccreds.so action=store use_first_pass
If the user entered a password that was verified by the kerberos server, PAM will apply this rule. The sufficient tells PAM if this module succeeds, the auth portion is complete. Otherwise, continue through the rest of the auth portion. The action=store, if you haven't guessed, stores the encrypted password in /var/cache/.security.db.
Now the system will cache kerberos credentials!
One gotcha on SELinux enabled systems, I have not been able to get this to work in enforcing mode. PAM is horrible restricted. I cannot find an appropriate file context to apply to /var/cache/.security.db that will allow pam_ccreds to write to it. I recommend using Permissive mode until I find a solution. This should not be too big a deal because you should only be using this on laptops, not critical systems.
One more gotcha. For some reason I have not discovered yet, xscreensaver cannot use ccreds properly. If you lock your machine, then you will not be able to log in without setting up a local password. I'm working on a solution for this.
auth required pam_env.so
auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass
auth requisite pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 500 quiet
auth [default=ignore success=1 service_err=reset] pam_krb5.so use_first_pass
auth [default=die success=done] pam_ccreds.so action=validate use_first_pass
auth sufficient pam_ccreds.so action=store use_first_pass
auth required pam_deny.so
account required pam_unix.so broken_shadow
account sufficient pam_localuser.so
account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so uid < 500 quiet
account [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_krb5.so
account required pam_permit.so
password requisite pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3
password sufficient pam_unix.so sha512 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok
password sufficient pam_krb5.so use_authtok
password required pam_deny.so
session optional pam_keyinit.so revoke
session required pam_limits.so
session [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid
session required pam_unix.so
session optional pam_krb5.so
I've highlighted the lines that do the work. It took me a while to make this. I've read tons of tutorials, as you probably have, to get this to work. In the end, I ended up mastering PAM configuration since none of the tutorial worked properly. I'm going to explain each line so that you will understand what is happening.
auth [default=ignore success=1 service_err=reset] pam_krb5.so use_first_pass
This line is the most complicated. The default=ignore tells PAM, if this module fails, like cannot reach kerberos server or password does not match, go on to the next step. The success=1 tells PAM if the module succeeds, a correct password verified by the kerberos server, skip one step. The service_err=reset, tells PAM to try again if the server reachable but down for some reason. The pam_krb5.so is the name of the module. Finally, the use_first_pass tells PAM to use the password that was first given to PAM during this run through and do not ask for a new one.
auth [default=die success=done] pam_ccreds.so action=validate use_first_pass
If kerberos was unavailable, PAM will run this line. The default=die means, if this module fails, everything fails and don't give the user access. The success=done means the auth portion of PAM is complete if this succeeds. pam_ccreds.so is the module name. The module, pam_ccreds, takes arguments and the action=validate has pam_ccreds check to see if the given password matches what is cached in /var/cache/.security.db.
auth sufficient pam_ccreds.so action=store use_first_pass
If the user entered a password that was verified by the kerberos server, PAM will apply this rule. The sufficient tells PAM if this module succeeds, the auth portion is complete. Otherwise, continue through the rest of the auth portion. The action=store, if you haven't guessed, stores the encrypted password in /var/cache/.security.db.
Now the system will cache kerberos credentials!
One gotcha on SELinux enabled systems, I have not been able to get this to work in enforcing mode. PAM is horrible restricted. I cannot find an appropriate file context to apply to /var/cache/.security.db that will allow pam_ccreds to write to it. I recommend using Permissive mode until I find a solution. This should not be too big a deal because you should only be using this on laptops, not critical systems.
One more gotcha. For some reason I have not discovered yet, xscreensaver cannot use ccreds properly. If you lock your machine, then you will not be able to log in without setting up a local password. I'm working on a solution for this.
Sunday, July 6, 2008
Fun with Preseed
One of the things I do is give away older computers with Ubuntu on them. I've given away quite a few and the installs can take a while, plus I like to install flash and dvd decryption for the new users. I learned about preseed from this post. It didn't have all the information I needed to create this, so that is why I'm sharing my experience.
Preseed is Debian's/Ubuntu's answer to unattended installation. It will do everything for you, from partitioning to setting up users. You just need to create a text file, make it available, and tell the installer where it is. First, here is my preseed for ubuntu hardy.
### Network configuration
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select eth0
d-i netcfg/get_hostname string ubuntu
### Mirror settings
d-i mirror/country string enter information manually
d-i mirror/http/hostname string ftp.deathcat.dci
d-i mirror/http/directory string /ubuntu
d-i mirror/http/proxy string
### Partitioning
d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition
d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda
d-i partman-auto/method string regular
d-i partman-auto/purge_lvm_from_device boolean true
d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string boot-root :: 100 50 100 ext3 \
$primary{ } \
$bootable{ } \
method{ format } \
format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } \
filesystem{ ext3 } \
mountpoint{ /boot } \
. \
512 512 200% linux-swap \
method{ swap } \
format{ } \
. \
512 10000 1024 reiserfs \
method{ format } \
format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } \
filesystem{ reiserfs } \
mountpoint{ / } \
. \
512 10000 1024 reiserfs \
method{ format } \
format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } \
filesystem{ reiserfs } \
mountpoint{ /tmp } \
. \
1000 10000 2000 reiserfs \
method{ format } \
format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } \
filesystem{ reiserfs } \
mountpoint{ /var } \
. \
3000 10000 4000 reiserfs \
method{ format } \
format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } \
filesystem{ reiserfs } \
mountpoint{ /usr } \
. \
100 10000 100000000 reiserfs \
method{ format } \
format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } \
filesystem{ reiserfs } \
mountpoint{ /home } \
.
d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition \
select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
### Clock and time zone setup
d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
d-i time/zone string America/Denver
### Installation setup
d-i prebaseconfig/reboot_in_progress note
d-i debconf/priority select critical
debconf debconf/priority select critical
base-config base-config/intro note
base-config base-config/login note
# The user's name and login.
passwd passwd/user-fullname string Ubuntu
passwd passwd/username string ubuntu
# And their password, but use caution!
passwd passwd/user-password ubuntu ubuntu
passwd passwd/user-password-again ubuntu ubuntu
# install desktop + standard packages
tasksel tasksel/first multiselect ubuntu-standard, ubuntu-desktop
d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
# post install scripts
d-i preseed/late_command string \
cd /target; \
wget ftp://ftp.deathcat.dci/pub/ubuntu/scripts/post-install; \
chmod +x ./post-install; \
chroot ./ ./post-install; \
rm -f ./post-install
A lot of stuff is in there as you can see. Let's look at the part under Network Configuration. The first line, d-i netcfg/choose_interface select eth0, tells the installer to use eth0 for networking during the install. This does absolute nothing during a PXE boot install, which is irratating if you are installing on to laptops with a wireless card. The next line, d-i netcfg/get_hostname string ubuntu, tells the install to give the new install the hostname ubuntu.
Now, to the Mirror settings section. This section tells the installer I want to manually set the location of the installer packages to http://ftp.deathcat.dci/ubuntu and not to use a proxy.
The Partitioning portion is the most perplexing. It was for me anyway. I like to set up several partitions, for /boot, swap, /, /var/, /usr, and /home. I also like to use reiserfs for speed. The first two lines tell the installer to automatically wipe /dev/sda and prepare to partition it. The next line tells it to use regular partitions opposed to lvm and after that is installer is told to not warn when deleting an lvm. Now, for the meat and potatoes of the partition. This one line( Yes, that is one line and must be so to function ) defines how the installer should do the actual partitioning.
d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string boot-root :: 100 50 100 ext3 \
$primary{ } \
$bootable{ } \
method{ format } \
format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } \
filesystem{ ext3 } \
mountpoint{ /boot } \
.
The first thing is leave the 100 50 100 ext3 on the first line. Don't attempt to place the backslash after the :: and continue on the next. It doesn't work. I wish it did. Anyway, the first 100 says to give this partition a minimal size of 100MB. The 50 is the priority. The lower it is, the more likely it will be filled to maximum size, which is the second 100. Ext3 is the partition type to mount this partition as. $primary{ } ensures this partition will be a primary partition and $bootable{ } will set the boot flag. method{ format } tells it to format this partition and not preserve the filesystem as does the next line. Preseed is redundant, is it? Use_filesystem{ } tells it to auto detect the filesystem for mounting this time. Filesystem{ ext3 } says use ext3 for formating. Finally, mountpoint{ /boot } tells the installer to mount this to /boot. The "." terminates the configuration of the one partition. Read the rest of that line for more examples.
The three lines after that one big one, tell the installer to write the partitions to disk, format, and not ask questions.
The Clock and time zone setup section sets up the hard clock to use UTC and the timezone to that of Denver, Colorado.
The Installation Setup tells the system to first reboot automatically after install. It also tells the system to crash if debconf doesn't like the rest of the file.
The user's name and login portion is self-explanatory. You'll note that the password ubuntu is written four times, twice on two lines. Why it is required to type it more than once, I don't know. Preseed is redundant!
The next section tells the installer to install the ubuntu-standard and ubuntu-desktop packages and their dependencies. It also tells the installer to reboot after install...again.
At the end of the preseed, I have the installer download a file and execute it in a chroot of the new install. This is that file with comments detailing what's going on.
#!/bin/sh
SCRIPTURL=ftp://ftp.deathcat.dci/pub/ubuntu/scripts
cd /tmp
# Setup auto login
UBUNTUUSER=$( getent passwd 1000 | cut -d : -f 1 )
wget "$SCRIPTURL/gdm.conf-custom"
sed "s/AutomaticLogin=ubuntu/AutomaticLogin=$UBUNTUUSER/g" \
gdm.conf-custom > gdm.conf-custom2
mv /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom.orig
cp gdm.conf-custom2 /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom
rm -f gdm.conf-custom gdm.conf-custom2
# Setup ubuntu sources
wget "$SCRIPTURL/sources.list"
rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list
cp sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list
rm -f sources.list
# Get updates
apt-get update
apt-get -y upgrade
# Install flash, vlc, and dvd playing software
apt-get -y install \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly \
gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg \
libxine1-ffmpeg \
libdvdread3 \
flashplugin-nonfree \
vlc
# Setup DVD decryption
/usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/install-css.sh
exit 0
And that's it. One more note before I finish. To make this entirely hand-free, you will have to past a few arguments at boot: The locale, keymap, network interface to use, and the location of the preseed file. I do this in my pxelinux.cfg/default.
label ubuntu
kernel ubuntu/hardy/i386/linux
append vga=normal initrd=ubuntu/hardy/i386/initrd.gz \
locale=en_US.UTF-8 debian-installer/keymap=us \
netcfg/wireless_wep= netcfg/choose_interface=eth0 \
netcfg/get_hostname=ubuntu \
preseed/url=ftp://ftp.deathcat.dci/pub/linux/ubuntu/preseed/easy.cfg --
Preseed is Debian's/Ubuntu's answer to unattended installation. It will do everything for you, from partitioning to setting up users. You just need to create a text file, make it available, and tell the installer where it is. First, here is my preseed for ubuntu hardy.
### Network configuration
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select eth0
d-i netcfg/get_hostname string ubuntu
### Mirror settings
d-i mirror/country string enter information manually
d-i mirror/http/hostname string ftp.deathcat.dci
d-i mirror/http/directory string /ubuntu
d-i mirror/http/proxy string
### Partitioning
d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition
d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda
d-i partman-auto/method string regular
d-i partman-auto/purge_lvm_from_device boolean true
d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string boot-root :: 100 50 100 ext3 \
$primary{ } \
$bootable{ } \
method{ format } \
format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } \
filesystem{ ext3 } \
mountpoint{ /boot } \
. \
512 512 200% linux-swap \
method{ swap } \
format{ } \
. \
512 10000 1024 reiserfs \
method{ format } \
format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } \
filesystem{ reiserfs } \
mountpoint{ / } \
. \
512 10000 1024 reiserfs \
method{ format } \
format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } \
filesystem{ reiserfs } \
mountpoint{ /tmp } \
. \
1000 10000 2000 reiserfs \
method{ format } \
format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } \
filesystem{ reiserfs } \
mountpoint{ /var } \
. \
3000 10000 4000 reiserfs \
method{ format } \
format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } \
filesystem{ reiserfs } \
mountpoint{ /usr } \
. \
100 10000 100000000 reiserfs \
method{ format } \
format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } \
filesystem{ reiserfs } \
mountpoint{ /home } \
.
d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition \
select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
### Clock and time zone setup
d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
d-i time/zone string America/Denver
### Installation setup
d-i prebaseconfig/reboot_in_progress note
d-i debconf/priority select critical
debconf debconf/priority select critical
base-config base-config/intro note
base-config base-config/login note
# The user's name and login.
passwd passwd/user-fullname string Ubuntu
passwd passwd/username string ubuntu
# And their password, but use caution!
passwd passwd/user-password ubuntu ubuntu
passwd passwd/user-password-again ubuntu ubuntu
# install desktop + standard packages
tasksel tasksel/first multiselect ubuntu-standard, ubuntu-desktop
d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
# post install scripts
d-i preseed/late_command string \
cd /target; \
wget ftp://ftp.deathcat.dci/pub/ubuntu/scripts/post-install; \
chmod +x ./post-install; \
chroot ./ ./post-install; \
rm -f ./post-install
A lot of stuff is in there as you can see. Let's look at the part under Network Configuration. The first line, d-i netcfg/choose_interface select eth0, tells the installer to use eth0 for networking during the install. This does absolute nothing during a PXE boot install, which is irratating if you are installing on to laptops with a wireless card. The next line, d-i netcfg/get_hostname string ubuntu, tells the install to give the new install the hostname ubuntu.
Now, to the Mirror settings section. This section tells the installer I want to manually set the location of the installer packages to http://ftp.deathcat.dci/ubuntu and not to use a proxy.
The Partitioning portion is the most perplexing. It was for me anyway. I like to set up several partitions, for /boot, swap, /, /var/, /usr, and /home. I also like to use reiserfs for speed. The first two lines tell the installer to automatically wipe /dev/sda and prepare to partition it. The next line tells it to use regular partitions opposed to lvm and after that is installer is told to not warn when deleting an lvm. Now, for the meat and potatoes of the partition. This one line( Yes, that is one line and must be so to function ) defines how the installer should do the actual partitioning.
d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string boot-root :: 100 50 100 ext3 \
$primary{ } \
$bootable{ } \
method{ format } \
format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } \
filesystem{ ext3 } \
mountpoint{ /boot } \
.
The first thing is leave the 100 50 100 ext3 on the first line. Don't attempt to place the backslash after the :: and continue on the next. It doesn't work. I wish it did. Anyway, the first 100 says to give this partition a minimal size of 100MB. The 50 is the priority. The lower it is, the more likely it will be filled to maximum size, which is the second 100. Ext3 is the partition type to mount this partition as. $primary{ } ensures this partition will be a primary partition and $bootable{ } will set the boot flag. method{ format } tells it to format this partition and not preserve the filesystem as does the next line. Preseed is redundant, is it? Use_filesystem{ } tells it to auto detect the filesystem for mounting this time. Filesystem{ ext3 } says use ext3 for formating. Finally, mountpoint{ /boot } tells the installer to mount this to /boot. The "." terminates the configuration of the one partition. Read the rest of that line for more examples.
The three lines after that one big one, tell the installer to write the partitions to disk, format, and not ask questions.
The Clock and time zone setup section sets up the hard clock to use UTC and the timezone to that of Denver, Colorado.
The Installation Setup tells the system to first reboot automatically after install. It also tells the system to crash if debconf doesn't like the rest of the file.
The user's name and login portion is self-explanatory. You'll note that the password ubuntu is written four times, twice on two lines. Why it is required to type it more than once, I don't know. Preseed is redundant!
The next section tells the installer to install the ubuntu-standard and ubuntu-desktop packages and their dependencies. It also tells the installer to reboot after install...again.
At the end of the preseed, I have the installer download a file and execute it in a chroot of the new install. This is that file with comments detailing what's going on.
#!/bin/sh
SCRIPTURL=ftp://ftp.deathcat.dci/pub/ubuntu/scripts
cd /tmp
# Setup auto login
UBUNTUUSER=$( getent passwd 1000 | cut -d : -f 1 )
wget "$SCRIPTURL/gdm.conf-custom"
sed "s/AutomaticLogin=ubuntu/AutomaticLogin=$UBUNTUUSER/g" \
gdm.conf-custom > gdm.conf-custom2
mv /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom.orig
cp gdm.conf-custom2 /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom
rm -f gdm.conf-custom gdm.conf-custom2
# Setup ubuntu sources
wget "$SCRIPTURL/sources.list"
rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list
cp sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list
rm -f sources.list
# Get updates
apt-get update
apt-get -y upgrade
# Install flash, vlc, and dvd playing software
apt-get -y install \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly \
gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg \
libxine1-ffmpeg \
libdvdread3 \
flashplugin-nonfree \
vlc
# Setup DVD decryption
/usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/install-css.sh
exit 0
And that's it. One more note before I finish. To make this entirely hand-free, you will have to past a few arguments at boot: The locale, keymap, network interface to use, and the location of the preseed file. I do this in my pxelinux.cfg/default.
label ubuntu
kernel ubuntu/hardy/i386/linux
append vga=normal initrd=ubuntu/hardy/i386/initrd.gz \
locale=en_US.UTF-8 debian-installer/keymap=us \
netcfg/wireless_wep= netcfg/choose_interface=eth0 \
netcfg/get_hostname=ubuntu \
preseed/url=ftp://ftp.deathcat.dci/pub/linux/ubuntu/preseed/easy.cfg --
Loading pxegrub from pxelinux!
Pxelinux can do a lot of things, but loading the solaris installer is not one of them. For that, it is easier to use pxegrub. What can you do if you still want to use pxelinux as your primary network bootloader? You can easily make an entry in your pxelinux.cfg/default for pxegrub!
First of all, here is what my /tftpboot directory without the many linux, bsd, and solaris boot files:
/tftpboot/boot/grub/menu.lst
/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
/tftpboot/pxegrub.0
/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
If you are paying attention, you'll notice that pxegrub's filename is different than normal. You have to end the filename with a .0. If you don't, then pxelinux will not load it properly, which caused me a bit of confusion. Also, you will need to place pxegrub's configuration, menu.lst, in /boot/grub at the root of your tftp. Pxegrub looks there by default.
If you have everything set as so, you will be able to load pxegrub from pxelinux with the following clause:
label g
kernel pxegrub.0
It's really that easy.
First of all, here is what my /tftpboot directory without the many linux, bsd, and solaris boot files:
/tftpboot/boot/grub/menu.lst
/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
/tftpboot/pxegrub.0
/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
If you are paying attention, you'll notice that pxegrub's filename is different than normal. You have to end the filename with a .0. If you don't, then pxelinux will not load it properly, which caused me a bit of confusion. Also, you will need to place pxegrub's configuration, menu.lst, in /boot/grub at the root of your tftp. Pxegrub looks there by default.
If you have everything set as so, you will be able to load pxegrub from pxelinux with the following clause:
label g
kernel pxegrub.0
It's really that easy.
Sunday, June 29, 2008
Solaris: Setting up a NFS server
This assumes you've already setup the OpenSSH server on the machine.
First, you will need these packages installed in this order:
SUNWgssk
SUNWrsgk
SUNWnfscr
SUNWnfsckr
SUNWnfscu
SUNWnfssr
SUNWnfsskr
SUNWnfssu
Now, you must define your exports before nfsd will start. You do this by altering /etc/dfs/dfstab. To share /export/install for instance, where I have the Solaris installer files, I would add this line:
share -F nfs -o ro /export/install
This line gives everyone read-only access to my install files.
Now, nfs can be started and made to start at boot with these commands:
svcadm enable -t nfs/server
svcadm enable nfs/server
You can check to see if everything is working with a showmount -e.
First, you will need these packages installed in this order:
SUNWgssk
SUNWrsgk
SUNWnfscr
SUNWnfsckr
SUNWnfscu
SUNWnfssr
SUNWnfsskr
SUNWnfssu
Now, you must define your exports before nfsd will start. You do this by altering /etc/dfs/dfstab. To share /export/install for instance, where I have the Solaris installer files, I would add this line:
share -F nfs -o ro /export/install
This line gives everyone read-only access to my install files.
Now, nfs can be started and made to start at boot with these commands:
svcadm enable -t nfs/server
svcadm enable nfs/server
You can check to see if everything is working with a showmount -e.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
